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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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hello and welcome to the skeptic zone

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for let's see now it's the 20th of

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October 2013 episode number 261

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richardsaunders here with you from

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Sydney Australia and oh my friends there

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are people not too far away from here

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having a terrible time right now with

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wildfires bush fires up in the mountains

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near Sydney it's quite dramatic and I

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can't underestimate or downplay the

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seriousness of this situation you might

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want to run to various news websites to

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see how it's going when you're listening

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to this around the world but it is most

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serious and our thoughts are with those

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people up in the mountains battling

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fires hopefully being prepared and

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hopefully saving what they can but let's

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look to this week's skeptic zone coming

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up at the top of the show dr. Reggie

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reports dr. Ratey will be chatting with

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dr. Dave Hawkes from the Florrie

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Institute in Melbourne about naming

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viruses well sort of about naming

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viruses this is I guess you could say

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this week on the skeptic zone we have a

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real science focus so no mean viruses

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and crowdsourcing and funding of science

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very important information with dr.

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Ricci coming up at the top of the show

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and then after that I go down to Sydney

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Harbor and speak to dr. Emma Johnston

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from the Sydney Institute of Marine

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Science now Emma Johnson was so nice

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giving me her time taking me around the

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institution there down by the water of

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Sydney Harbour which was so beautiful we

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have a look at some fish tanks and she

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explains really interesting facts about

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Sydney Harbour and the health the

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well-being of Sydney Harbor which is a

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one of the world's great waterways I

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guess you could say after that it's a

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Wiggins Ines from dr. Paul Willis in the

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Royal Institution of Australia and

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talking about vasectomies yes talking

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about the unkindest cut of all now it's

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all very serious stuff it's a bit of

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you'll see why he'll here why soon with

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a weakened science from the Royal

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Institution of Australia then to ran off

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the show Maynard spooky action with more

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reports from skeptic amped Sydney may

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not will be speaking to a couple of

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presenters there one is our very own rut

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bag Peter Babbage about how he handles

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legal threats that come his way when he

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gets them oh boy if you're familiar with

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his website ratbags calm you'll

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understand why and Vanessa will talk

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about her research into the history of

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the future yes the history of the future

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what did people or what do people think

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the future will be like well I know what

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my future is going to be like I'm going

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to run downstairs I'm going to open the

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fridge I'm gonna have a nice ginger beer

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I'm going to keep those people in the

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mountains in my thoughts while we all

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now it's time for dr. Rachel reports

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with dr. Rachel Dunlop so welcome to dr.

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David box who's joining me today on the

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Skype from Melbourne David works in

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neuroscience at the flora Research

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Institute in Victoria in Melbourne and

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he is with us today to discuss a new

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crowdsourcing project that he's

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coordinating through the flurry and for

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his work involving viruses and it's

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called name the virus so welcome to the

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sceptic zone Dave I Rachel have it

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thanks for having me back on no worries

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we talked to you quite recently actually

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didn't we about one of your recent

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papers and so now you've got a new

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project starting where you're going to

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be crowdsourcing science research so can

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you tell us a little bit about name the

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virus certainly um

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I guess one of the things as I've always

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had links to the arts community and so

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when when the office you need to have to

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involve people with actually funding

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science came up I really jumped at the

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chance

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so name the virus is the name of our

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campaign and what we're trying to do is

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raise $10,000 and that $10,000 will

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allow us to make four of a type of virus

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called a viral vector now viral vectors

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don't cause disease they don't have any

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bad effects they're not infectious but

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what they can do is they can go into a

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cell and change the way a cell acts now

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in terms of the human brain we don't

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know what most cells do or if we know

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what the cell does we don't know what

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the connections it does with the rest of

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the brain with Unruh billion cells in

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brain that's that's a lot of connection

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so these viruses you can go on and you

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can find out what a cell does when it's

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excited or what certain proteins do and

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this is why I use these two viral

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vectors so the four viral vectors are

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trying to get going will help us work on

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research some of our previous viruses

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are currently being used to look at

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anxiety eating and sleeping disorders

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multiple sclerosis epilepsy memory

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learning there's probably a few others

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sort of split might have slipped my mind

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at the moment

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so this is quite quite a new approach to

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raising money for science isn't it this

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is through the well-known crowdsourcing

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I guess portal called possible but this

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is the first time possible has been

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offering a scientific research arm to

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their platform is that right yes so what

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happened was that they gave a little bit

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of trial earlier in the year and there

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was a project called mighty maggots

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which actually got a lot of interest

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with dr. Mel Thompson through through

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Twitter and this was sort of dipping

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their toe in the water and they did

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quite well most of the projects got

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funded so they were so interested in the

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interest from the scientific community

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was so large that as of Monday which is

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when our project launches which i think

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is at 21st they're actually launching an

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entire research arm so the flurry has

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six projects in I think Deakin has a few

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more in and then in the coming month or

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two month there's - University UTS and a

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few others are also going to join and it

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will be a way for the scientific

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community to actually create create

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bonds with with the wider community I

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mean the one of the reasons I'm doing

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the 10 tests until this is certainly

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very nice but it's that I I grew up in

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the outer suburbs of Melbourne and I

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think it's similar for most people who

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grow outside grew up in sort of suburbia

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I didn't know any scientists I didn't

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have any real knowledge of how science

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happened so anyone who gives a donation

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we're going to just keep you in touch

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with what's happening with the project

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and you know the up to the downs when

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things work when things don't work maybe

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give you an idea of what science is and

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hopefully some kids or even adults who

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are looking to get into the field will

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get a bit of a more realistic idea yes I

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was gonna ask you about that Dave

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because obviously you want some sort of

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hooks for people to to get involved in

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the project and the whole point of

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crowdsourcing is so people get something

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back from what they give you so do you

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have levels of donations for which you

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get increasingly higher benefits or how

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are you going to work that sort of

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tiered donation okay well I mean there's

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it completely correct that it's all

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about sort of the rewards with

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crowdsourcing so $20 is sort of the

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first reward where you offer them what

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we'll do is well we'll give you a

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thank-you on our Twitter which is named

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the virus one or in our Facebook which

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let's just name the virus and the other

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thing you'll do is you can actually

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submit a name so you know if dr. Rachel

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gets on there she donates $20 you can

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actually suggest skeptic zone and if we

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get more than two and a half thousand

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dollars worth of donations with the name

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skeptic zone we'll name the virus that

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so if you want to call it the Melbourne

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virus you want to call it the the

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skeptic zone virus you can actually get

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very creative obviously the other thing

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is if you've got $2,500 and you want to

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donate that as a block you can obviously

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get to name the virus now it's about ten

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letters and it has to be socially

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acceptable

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I imagine I've probably offended a few

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people and a lot of ideas are flying out

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the window at the moment but you know it

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can be Holden HSV it can be Ford you can

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call it whatever you want and Endel name

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the viral vector of you probably the one

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that I'm I think is the one I'm most

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nervous about is our our $500 reward

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which is you come and come to the

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Florrie and I'll give you a tour of

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where we make the viruses and the flurry

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for anyone who doesn't know is in the

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middle of the park bill a university

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precinct and it's about five floors high

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and we've got a tea room that looks out

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over Royal Park and is quite lovely and

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for five hundred dollars I'll not only

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yeah for about two years I've been

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cooking my way and posting on Facebook

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recipes from Jamie Oliver's America

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roadtrip cookbook I'm a big fan of

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install and I'm a big fan of American

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food so I've done about 60 or 70 other

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recipes and so if you come along you'll

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get to get a tour and then obviously

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while I'm cooking you can have a chat

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you can ask any comments any questions

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you've got about science and enjoy a

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beautiful view from the fifth floor of

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the flurry so that sounds great but even

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people that can't afford to give say

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that much money even if we drop in ten

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or twenty dollars how can we follow the

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progress of the project where what

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sort of social media you're gonna have

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running at the same time where you have

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a website how can we follow it

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absolutely I the conversation with

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people and people get involved as what

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I'm interested in so name the virus or

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words one so at nine the virus one on

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Twitter where we've been going for a

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couple of months so you can sort of see

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what we're doing we've got some nice

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sort of links and pictures they're also

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a bit of information about viral vectors

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and will sort of be obviously keeping

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keeping track of that while the projects

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going and even afterwards

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we've got named the virus on Facebook

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and the other thing is anyone who

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donates we're also going to keep in

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touch we'll we'll keep you in touch with

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emails obviously if you don't want to

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that's not a problem but I want to start

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a conversation with people because you

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know I've been on Twitter for nearly a

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year now and the amount of people that

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ask me questions they're going it's bug

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my few years I don't understand it can

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you just explain I've tried to read it

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I've looked at dr. Google I don't get it

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and there's four of us on the project so

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there's a variety of different skill

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sets and and obviously we just want to

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actually talk about science and

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obviously viral vectors neuroscience is

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the topic we're looking at here but you

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00:11:33,300 --> 00:11:30,190
know I'm more than happy to branch out

273
00:11:34,380 --> 00:11:33,310
or direct them to someone who can so I

274
00:11:36,540 --> 00:11:34,390
think you raised a really interesting

275
00:11:38,940 --> 00:11:36,550
point Dave and that is focusing on the

276
00:11:40,530 --> 00:11:38,950
communicating the science to people now

277
00:11:43,110 --> 00:11:40,540
scientists are often criticized for that

278
00:11:44,580 --> 00:11:43,120
and I'm quite critical of scientists for

279
00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:44,590
doing that too because I think is

280
00:11:49,950 --> 00:11:46,930
incredibly important for us to talk

281
00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:49,960
about our work openly so in terms of

282
00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:52,090
crowdsourcing I think it covers two

283
00:11:58,110 --> 00:11:55,330
areas quite well one is funding for

284
00:12:00,240 --> 00:11:58,120
science which is seriously tight at the

285
00:12:02,490 --> 00:12:00,250
moment and getting harder and also

286
00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:02,500
letting people know what we do because I

287
00:12:06,750 --> 00:12:05,410
think it's unfair of us to boffin away

288
00:12:09,210 --> 00:12:06,760
in our labs without talking to the

289
00:12:11,910 --> 00:12:09,220
public and I think do you agree that

290
00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:11,920
this will hopefully open up more of a

291
00:12:15,060 --> 00:12:13,630
public understanding of science as well

292
00:12:17,490 --> 00:12:15,070
so that eventually we might be able to

293
00:12:20,760 --> 00:12:17,500
get some more tracks and more government

294
00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:20,770
funding for example absolutely I mean I

295
00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:24,610
I think that I think I remember the

296
00:12:27,329 --> 00:12:25,839
grants that go in each year that

297
00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:27,339
researchers spend a lot of time I think

298
00:12:30,379 --> 00:12:28,560
they're getting funded about

299
00:12:33,860 --> 00:12:30,389
sixteen percent will get funded this

300
00:12:38,210 --> 00:12:33,870
year which is not a heap now obviously

301
00:12:40,189 --> 00:12:38,220
and we can talk to government but I

302
00:12:42,139 --> 00:12:40,199
think that if people a lot of people

303
00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:42,149
don't do size beyond high school and a

304
00:12:46,100 --> 00:12:43,920
lot of people don't realize how much of

305
00:12:48,139 --> 00:12:46,110
their lives is is run by science I mean

306
00:12:50,629 --> 00:12:48,149
the classic is Wi-Fi is an Australian

307
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:50,639
invention from the physicists who we

308
00:12:54,850 --> 00:12:52,050
occasionally mentioned and acknowledged

309
00:12:57,769 --> 00:12:54,860
but as biologists we've we've sort of

310
00:12:59,689 --> 00:12:57,779
there's so many things that were

311
00:13:02,749 --> 00:12:59,699
involved in on trying to understand how

312
00:13:04,699 --> 00:13:02,759
why why we get anxious and why we get

313
00:13:06,590 --> 00:13:04,709
anxiety conditions because they they

314
00:13:07,879 --> 00:13:06,600
affect our blood pressure which can you

315
00:13:10,369 --> 00:13:07,889
know increase your chance of heart

316
00:13:12,769 --> 00:13:10,379
attack or stroke and a lot of people

317
00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:12,779
everyone understands stress everyone

318
00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:14,490
gets stressed and everyone kind of go oh

319
00:13:20,019 --> 00:13:17,370
it's it's not good or it's kind of

320
00:13:22,489 --> 00:13:20,029
natural or it's fight or flight and

321
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:22,499
that's kind of where most people end up

322
00:13:27,019 --> 00:13:24,720
but if they knew that people actually

323
00:13:28,999 --> 00:13:27,029
resourcing researching this and

324
00:13:30,999 --> 00:13:29,009
understanding it or there's this

325
00:13:33,949 --> 00:13:31,009
scientist who's published a paper on

326
00:13:37,780 --> 00:13:33,959
blue-green algae and and motor neuron

327
00:13:40,490 --> 00:13:37,790
diseases you might have seen it never

328
00:13:42,530 --> 00:13:40,500
what there was another one where where

329
00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:42,540
people can kind of go oh I get this I

330
00:13:48,170 --> 00:13:46,290
can see that science isn't a book kept

331
00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:48,180
in a library science is a living

332
00:13:52,519 --> 00:13:50,970
breathing thing it's there it's a way of

333
00:13:54,889 --> 00:13:52,529
finding knowledge and so if people can

334
00:13:57,679 --> 00:13:54,899
actually talk to a scientist and realize

335
00:14:01,730 --> 00:13:57,689
that we're not all number one mail old

336
00:14:03,949 --> 00:14:01,740
white-haired which is the stereotypes

337
00:14:05,780 --> 00:14:03,959
like I've rocked up to two schools I've

338
00:14:07,610 --> 00:14:05,790
done a lot of schools visits and I'm

339
00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:07,620
there anyone hasn't seen me off about

340
00:14:12,079 --> 00:14:10,110
six foot tall I'm about 90 kilos I've

341
00:14:13,669 --> 00:14:12,089
got a number of tattoos and I've got a

342
00:14:16,340 --> 00:14:13,679
shaved head so a lot of people kind of

343
00:14:19,879 --> 00:14:16,350
often go I'm sorry we asked for a

344
00:14:21,889 --> 00:14:19,889
scientist but exactly this thing same

345
00:14:23,900 --> 00:14:21,899
thing happens if you send out a young

346
00:14:25,730 --> 00:14:23,910
woman or a woman yeah a lot of the time

347
00:14:28,579 --> 00:14:25,740
to go I'm sorry and you would obviously

348
00:14:31,429 --> 00:14:28,589
be more experienced with this this day

349
00:14:33,259 --> 00:14:31,439
expect scientists to be old men and so

350
00:14:35,150 --> 00:14:33,269
by having that interaction that yeah

351
00:14:36,829 --> 00:14:35,160
this scientist is the same age as you

352
00:14:39,790 --> 00:14:36,839
follows the same football team or a

353
00:14:41,870 --> 00:14:39,800
different one and people who kind of

354
00:14:44,150 --> 00:14:41,880
understand that

355
00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:44,160
so these are people same as me doing

356
00:14:48,379 --> 00:14:46,050
stuff and this is why they're doing it

357
00:14:49,699 --> 00:14:48,389
and if you've got an educated you know

358
00:14:51,559 --> 00:14:49,709
and I don't want everyone to become

359
00:14:53,930 --> 00:14:51,569
scientists because it's it's competitive

360
00:14:56,300 --> 00:14:53,940
enough but if people understand science

361
00:14:58,809 --> 00:14:56,310
they won't be number one fooled by

362
00:15:02,269 --> 00:14:58,819
things like power bands and homeopathy

363
00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:02,279
number two they'll go well okay we're

364
00:15:06,920 --> 00:15:04,800
putting for every dollar we invest in in

365
00:15:08,449 --> 00:15:06,930
medical research we can save up to six

366
00:15:10,730 --> 00:15:08,459
dollars in the healthcare system

367
00:15:13,129 --> 00:15:10,740
now I can tell that to politicians and

368
00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:13,139
they hear that every day but if the

369
00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:15,690
entire community understands that they

370
00:15:20,860 --> 00:15:18,690
they tell their politicians and it's

371
00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:20,870
much easier to have ten thousand voices

372
00:15:25,100 --> 00:15:23,250
telling their local member that then

373
00:15:27,230 --> 00:15:25,110
then one person who gets a one-on-one

374
00:15:29,480 --> 00:15:27,240
meeting if I don't get the crowd funding

375
00:15:31,189 --> 00:15:29,490
my workbook go on it just might be you

376
00:15:33,139 --> 00:15:31,199
know a little bit slower like I've got

377
00:15:34,639 --> 00:15:33,149
machines there that a the machine that

378
00:15:36,590 --> 00:15:34,649
spins a virus is one hundred and twenty

379
00:15:37,879 --> 00:15:36,600
thousand dollars so the ten thousand

380
00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:37,889
dollars is sort of a way to kick start

381
00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:40,410
the conversation with people because my

382
00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:42,750
what I'd love to happen is for people to

383
00:15:46,460 --> 00:15:44,370
get on board people understand it people

384
00:15:48,889 --> 00:15:46,470
to be really passionate about it people

385
00:15:51,439 --> 00:15:48,899
to be able to follow their scientists

386
00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:51,449
which would be me and to be able to sort

387
00:15:56,540 --> 00:15:53,610
of go oh yeah we know Dave he's you know

388
00:15:58,249 --> 00:15:56,550
I was you know I was on that project I

389
00:16:00,319 --> 00:15:58,259
got together with my Rotary Club when we

390
00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:00,329
donated that the money and now we're on

391
00:16:04,879 --> 00:16:02,970
a paper because if you donate a thousand

392
00:16:06,679 --> 00:16:04,889
dollars you'll actually get your name on

393
00:16:09,650 --> 00:16:06,689
the scientific the next scientific paper

394
00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:09,660
we published with it viruses are cool no

395
00:16:13,519 --> 00:16:10,970
matter what if you look at Hollywood

396
00:16:15,290 --> 00:16:13,529
viruses are cool the last-born film was

397
00:16:17,809 --> 00:16:15,300
about viral vectors which is what I work

398
00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:17,819
in you look at I am Legend is about a

399
00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:20,480
viral vector it's all about viruses so

400
00:16:28,189 --> 00:16:24,630
it's kind of cool and brains are where

401
00:16:30,559 --> 00:16:28,199
research is so you're combining two of

402
00:16:33,980 --> 00:16:30,569
the sexiest parts of scientists science

403
00:16:36,829 --> 00:16:33,990
and making them accessible for people so

404
00:16:40,730 --> 00:16:36,839
hopefully people jump on board and and

405
00:16:43,309 --> 00:16:40,740
start this conversation right so Dave

406
00:16:44,780 --> 00:16:43,319
you launched tomorrow can you give us we

407
00:16:46,220 --> 00:16:44,790
launched tomorrow okay

408
00:16:47,900 --> 00:16:46,230
so can you give us all the details of

409
00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:47,910
where everyone needs to go to follow you

410
00:16:55,290 --> 00:16:51,170
and like you and give you monies

411
00:16:58,170 --> 00:16:55,300
no way so as I said the the name

412
00:17:00,389 --> 00:16:58,180
the virus won on Twitter so at 9:00 the

413
00:17:03,870 --> 00:17:00,399
virus one name the virus on Facebook if

414
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:03,880
you go to possible which is p0 z ible

415
00:17:12,689 --> 00:17:09,010
calm I know you're in America so P o z5

416
00:17:14,010 --> 00:17:12,699
ele calm and just look for name the

417
00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:14,020
virus will be up there I think we're

418
00:17:18,630 --> 00:17:16,150
launching midday tomorrow the other

419
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:18,640
thing is I'm on Twitter at mr. Hawkes

420
00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:23,410
Moho wk yes so even even if you can't

421
00:17:26,610 --> 00:17:24,730
donate come and give me a yell and

422
00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:26,620
hopefully you know you can get on board

423
00:17:30,450 --> 00:17:28,480
with it understanding sort of some of

424
00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:30,460
the science things we'd love to get your

425
00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:32,650
money but if you can't afford it that's

426
00:17:37,049 --> 00:17:35,290
not a problem just kind of say hi either

427
00:17:39,270 --> 00:17:37,059
than his Twitter cancel the Facebook and

428
00:17:41,299 --> 00:17:39,280
yeah hopefully you can you can have a

429
00:17:43,590 --> 00:17:41,309
learn a little bit about what we do and

430
00:17:45,360 --> 00:17:43,600
yeah you'll find it interesting

431
00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:45,370
alright well Dave how long suppose

432
00:17:50,730 --> 00:17:47,710
you're gonna run for I think we're

433
00:17:53,940 --> 00:17:50,740
running for about 45 days so if we we

434
00:17:56,580 --> 00:17:53,950
get our $10,000 earlier we'll keep going

435
00:17:58,560 --> 00:17:56,590
because as I said it's about $2,500 of

436
00:18:00,750 --> 00:17:58,570
virus so if we get the 10 grand that's

437
00:18:03,210 --> 00:18:00,760
for if we get 12 and a half grand that's

438
00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:03,220
five and so on so we'll go for the full

439
00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:05,770
45 days because if you guys can be more

440
00:18:08,970 --> 00:18:07,120
money I can certainly do some stuff with

441
00:18:10,500 --> 00:18:08,980
it right well good luck with it Dave and

442
00:18:20,570 --> 00:18:10,510
thanks for talking to us today on the

443
00:18:20,580 --> 00:18:28,770
in a world with excel is apparently

444
00:18:28,780 --> 00:18:36,680
our messages are received for beyond

445
00:18:42,760 --> 00:18:39,979
and reason is sidelined for magical

446
00:18:52,090 --> 00:18:49,750
oh please we stand between what date is

447
00:18:53,799 --> 00:18:52,100
it seven eight seven thing this is

448
00:18:55,450 --> 00:18:53,809
impressive if these are system persons

449
00:19:00,580 --> 00:18:55,460
they're not there photographs of Chinese

450
00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:00,590
anthem good God we're fully discuss

451
00:19:13,870 --> 00:19:02,240
cryptozoology on the show very often

452
00:19:15,850 --> 00:19:13,880
because we skeptic to the cave and Moses

453
00:19:30,370 --> 00:19:15,860
has captured society finders on iTunes

454
00:19:34,150 --> 00:19:30,380
or you know don't what a beautiful day

455
00:19:36,730 --> 00:19:34,160
it is here Sydney Harbor I'm at chowder

456
00:19:39,730 --> 00:19:36,740
bathed up here here looking up

457
00:19:41,950 --> 00:19:39,740
it's gorgeous there's not a cloud in the

458
00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:41,960
sky it's a nice warm day I can see a

459
00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:44,690
seaplane over there to my left and

460
00:19:50,110 --> 00:19:46,730
there's some fairies way over to my

461
00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:50,120
right and I'm with dr. Andrew Johnson

462
00:19:54,430 --> 00:19:52,880
hello hello how are you I'm well I'm

463
00:19:57,340 --> 00:19:54,440
having a wonderful day here you've

464
00:19:59,140 --> 00:19:57,350
kindly invited me here to discuss

465
00:20:00,669 --> 00:19:59,150
something which I find very interesting

466
00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:00,679
and very important of course which is

467
00:20:05,590 --> 00:20:03,050
the health and the well-being and the

468
00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:05,600
science of Sydney Harbour that's right

469
00:20:09,130 --> 00:20:07,490
so I'm director of the Sydney Harbour

470
00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:09,140
Research Program for the sydney

471
00:20:13,900 --> 00:20:11,840
institute of marine science and it's a

472
00:20:16,180 --> 00:20:13,910
fantastic job because we have got a

473
00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:16,190
spectacularly beautiful harbour but it's

474
00:20:21,100 --> 00:20:18,080
also incredibly biologically diverse it

475
00:20:22,600 --> 00:20:21,110
has some challenges and so the health of

476
00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:22,610
the harbour is a very important topic

477
00:20:26,380 --> 00:20:24,230
that we tackle in the sydney harbour

478
00:20:28,120 --> 00:20:26,390
research program but it's also days like

479
00:20:30,820 --> 00:20:28,130
this that make me just suit back the

480
00:20:34,750 --> 00:20:30,830
beach I have this job it's folks it's

481
00:20:36,940 --> 00:20:34,760
hard to describe just how beautiful it

482
00:20:38,740 --> 00:20:36,950
is the setting there's a beach behind us

483
00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:38,750
I can see some joggers and a dog over

484
00:20:45,100 --> 00:20:40,910
there the water is lapping along these

485
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:45,110
old historic area here and you're

486
00:20:50,410 --> 00:20:47,210
telling me that that little funny pool

487
00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:50,420
or empty pool we see over there used to

488
00:20:54,300 --> 00:20:51,250
be you

489
00:20:57,630 --> 00:20:54,310
to construct the mind that's right so

490
00:21:00,510 --> 00:20:57,640
we're located at a heritage site we've

491
00:21:02,340 --> 00:21:00,520
done some work with the buildings so

492
00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:02,350
that we can do scientific research in

493
00:21:06,270 --> 00:21:04,000
them so there's laboratories but we've

494
00:21:07,770 --> 00:21:06,280
tried to retain the outside of the

495
00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:07,780
buildings to be very similar to what

496
00:21:11,310 --> 00:21:09,370
they've been in the past which is

497
00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:11,320
gorgeous so there are sandstone blocks

498
00:21:15,780 --> 00:21:14,080
obviously as the foundation for most of

499
00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:15,790
these buildings and then these beautiful

500
00:21:21,030 --> 00:21:17,830
weatherboard structures but it was

501
00:21:22,890 --> 00:21:21,040
actually a mine construction facility so

502
00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:22,900
they used to make mines when they were

503
00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:25,780
worried about the Russians in fact there

504
00:21:30,060 --> 00:21:28,690
was coming into the area but

505
00:21:31,950 --> 00:21:30,070
unfortunately they had a terrible

506
00:21:33,690 --> 00:21:31,960
accident one day in front of the

507
00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:33,700
governor and many many thousands of

508
00:21:38,340 --> 00:21:35,290
spectators where some of the mines

509
00:21:40,290 --> 00:21:38,350
accidentally blew up at the wrong time

510
00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:40,300
and four people were killed and eleven

511
00:21:44,970 --> 00:21:42,240
injured so this place was shut down

512
00:21:48,120 --> 00:21:44,980
before it had an opportunity to do much

513
00:21:50,010 --> 00:21:48,130
great work but fortunately for us the

514
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:50,020
facilities are still in good Nick we

515
00:21:54,690 --> 00:21:51,520
have this gorgeous pier which has been

516
00:21:56,970 --> 00:21:54,700
yeah restored if you look into the water

517
00:21:58,710 --> 00:21:56,980
just peering over the pier that's right

518
00:22:02,010 --> 00:21:58,720
you can see some of the lovely life of

519
00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:02,020
Sydney Harbor and we've seen banks of

520
00:22:08,100 --> 00:22:05,440
what some helped kill so that's a Cloney

521
00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:08,110
radiata which is our major temperate

522
00:22:11,010 --> 00:22:10,600
water kelp it's lovely Bluegreen water

523
00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:11,020
today

524
00:22:17,370 --> 00:22:14,650
the kelp forms almost forests well you

525
00:22:19,410 --> 00:22:17,380
know shrubs help forest that's right

526
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:19,420
first so it's very important habitat

527
00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:21,010
form a lot of fish species a lot of

528
00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:26,770
urgence and it kinda sort of yes and

529
00:22:30,780 --> 00:22:28,810
then if you look further onto the hard

530
00:22:32,430 --> 00:22:30,790
substrates you can see what we were what

531
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:32,440
we haven't Sydney Harbour classic in the

532
00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:34,570
intertidal zone lots and lots of healthy

533
00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:38,260
oysters yes these old pylons here which

534
00:22:42,270 --> 00:22:40,330
is just a couple of metres out in front

535
00:22:44,730 --> 00:22:42,280
of us that covered the bases are covered

536
00:22:46,260 --> 00:22:44,740
with the oysters yeah that's the Sydney

537
00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:46,270
Rock oyster and just below the Sydney

538
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:47,710
Rock oyster before you hit the kelp

539
00:22:52,620 --> 00:22:49,570
you've got this ring of sea squirts

540
00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:52,630
which are congee yeah yes yes I remember

541
00:22:55,110 --> 00:22:53,770
those from when I was a kid at the beach

542
00:22:57,690 --> 00:22:55,120
yeah that's right and people often use

543
00:22:59,460 --> 00:22:57,700
them the inside of them for bait so

544
00:23:01,470 --> 00:22:59,470
get the but the kanji and take the

545
00:23:03,330 --> 00:23:01,480
inside in other countries sea squirts

546
00:23:05,370 --> 00:23:03,340
are actually eaten as well it's in Japan

547
00:23:07,590 --> 00:23:05,380
they're a delicacy yeah I haven't tried

548
00:23:09,390 --> 00:23:07,600
them myself I'm not I'm not that tempted

549
00:23:15,300 --> 00:23:09,400
to either myself right now

550
00:23:16,860 --> 00:23:15,310
so you work in a very idyllic place oh

551
00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:16,870
there goes the manly ferry if we look

552
00:23:25,910 --> 00:23:19,600
over there to our that's right no having

553
00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:28,950
that's right yeah so we do work in a

554
00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:30,580
very spectacular spot and one of the

555
00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:32,710
reasons why Sydney Harbour is so

556
00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:34,690
beautiful and people can see that the

557
00:23:39,420 --> 00:23:37,810
water is often of a very good quality as

558
00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:39,430
you said we can see through the water

559
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:41,530
yeah quite a few meters here that's not

560
00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:44,080
the case for every history and Sydney

561
00:23:47,790 --> 00:23:45,610
Harbour is blessed by the fact that we

562
00:23:51,150 --> 00:23:47,800
have were a drowned River Valley so we

563
00:23:53,430 --> 00:23:51,160
have rocky walls lining the valley yeah

564
00:23:55,470 --> 00:23:53,440
many many years ago millions and

565
00:23:58,530 --> 00:23:55,480
millions of years ago this was one River

566
00:24:00,750 --> 00:23:58,540
River lake bed essentially and over

567
00:24:02,310 --> 00:24:00,760
millions of years lots of sands and muds

568
00:24:04,620 --> 00:24:02,320
were brought into that lake and

569
00:24:07,140 --> 00:24:04,630
compacted into our sandstone and our mud

570
00:24:08,250 --> 00:24:07,150
stone and our shale and then there was a

571
00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:08,260
great big uplift

572
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:10,210
about 12 million years ago and the

573
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:12,010
Paramount of River and all of the other

574
00:24:16,140 --> 00:24:14,080
River and it's tributaries started

575
00:24:20,130 --> 00:24:16,150
flowing through the sandstone itching

576
00:24:22,860 --> 00:24:20,140
really deep areas into that sandstone

577
00:24:24,540 --> 00:24:22,870
then at the end of last glacial we had

578
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:24,550
the sea levels rise and they came in

579
00:24:30,540 --> 00:24:28,090
from about 30 kilometers out yeah yeah I

580
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:30,550
was out to the east they came in and

581
00:24:34,740 --> 00:24:32,290
drowned this River Valley and that's why

582
00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:34,750
we have such incredibly complex

583
00:24:39,420 --> 00:24:36,520
structure in Sydney however when you fly

584
00:24:41,970 --> 00:24:39,430
in to Sydney yes absolutely spectacular

585
00:24:43,890 --> 00:24:41,980
the complexity of this harbour lots of

586
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:43,900
nooks and crannies and what that

587
00:24:47,340 --> 00:24:45,610
provides is a huge range of

588
00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:47,350
environmental conditions so we have very

589
00:24:52,530 --> 00:24:49,510
shallow Shoals beaches that you can walk

590
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:52,540
across literally down to 45 meters deep

591
00:24:56,550 --> 00:24:54,880
in the 45 meters deep that's quite a bit

592
00:24:58,140 --> 00:24:56,560
impressive it's one it well it's the

593
00:25:00,420 --> 00:24:58,150
only s3 in Australia that doesn't

594
00:25:01,980 --> 00:25:00,430
require maintenance dredging you know

595
00:25:04,350 --> 00:25:01,990
regular maintenance dredging because of

596
00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:04,360
the depths that we have and because the

597
00:25:07,570 --> 00:25:06,490
sediments are not retained as much

598
00:25:11,090 --> 00:25:07,580
they're kind of

599
00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:11,100
into the ocean so we get these flushing

600
00:25:15,260 --> 00:25:13,050
everyday providing lots of fresh clean

601
00:25:17,270 --> 00:25:15,270
water into most of the system and then

602
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:17,280
those sandstone walls that are not

603
00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:19,650
retaining a lot of the sediments so

604
00:25:23,950 --> 00:25:21,510
let's chat about some of the science

605
00:25:27,950 --> 00:25:23,960
that goes on here and your role in it

606
00:25:29,690 --> 00:25:27,960
it's not just for scientific interest in

607
00:25:31,970 --> 00:25:29,700
curiosity unloading this is this

608
00:25:34,160 --> 00:25:31,980
actually very important work being

609
00:25:35,180 --> 00:25:34,170
undertaken to understand more for the

610
00:25:38,090 --> 00:25:35,190
health of our harbors

611
00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:38,100
that's right so unless we join together

612
00:25:42,380 --> 00:25:40,170
as marine scientists it's very difficult

613
00:25:45,460 --> 00:25:42,390
for us to tackle location specific

614
00:25:48,620 --> 00:25:45,470
problems ester ease around the world are

615
00:25:50,830 --> 00:25:48,630
the most stressed of all of our marine

616
00:25:53,150 --> 00:25:50,840
systems and that's because we tend to

617
00:25:55,730 --> 00:25:53,160
congregate around histories we put our

618
00:25:58,250 --> 00:25:55,740
industry we put our houses we use the

619
00:25:59,870 --> 00:25:58,260
water in those areas and so they're

620
00:26:02,000 --> 00:25:59,880
usually subject to lots of different

621
00:26:04,100 --> 00:26:02,010
stressors in Sydney Harbor for example

622
00:26:09,850 --> 00:26:04,110
50 percent of the shoreline has actually

623
00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:12,890
huge that's right and we've gone from 15

624
00:26:16,700 --> 00:26:15,180
islands within the harbor to nine now

625
00:26:19,700 --> 00:26:16,710
it's not that we've dug up the islands

626
00:26:22,390 --> 00:26:19,710
we've actually actually built out the

627
00:26:26,110 --> 00:26:24,100
and that you can hear in the background

628
00:26:27,610 --> 00:26:26,120
is one of this favorite seaplanes that's

629
00:26:30,010 --> 00:26:27,620
danced around sydney

630
00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:30,020
that's right and then on top of all that

631
00:26:34,570 --> 00:26:32,810
we've also used the harbour and all the

632
00:26:37,540 --> 00:26:34,580
way around the world we still can we

633
00:26:41,650 --> 00:26:37,550
continue to use marine areas as waste

634
00:26:43,630 --> 00:26:41,660
dumping grounds so in you know in the 50

635
00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:43,640
60 70 s you'd think twice about jumping

636
00:26:48,670 --> 00:26:46,850
into the harbor for a swim and since we

637
00:26:50,860 --> 00:26:48,680
had the epa in australia so

638
00:26:52,270 --> 00:26:50,870
environmental pollution in authority the

639
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:52,280
water quality has improved massively

640
00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:54,530
because it's now licensed what you can

641
00:26:59,500 --> 00:26:57,050
release well we look behind us here to

642
00:27:00,730 --> 00:26:59,510
this lovely beach which is not really

643
00:27:02,560 --> 00:27:00,740
being used today because there's a bit

644
00:27:04,360 --> 00:27:02,570
early in the season i imagine in the

645
00:27:06,970 --> 00:27:04,370
summertime it's packed and people

646
00:27:08,950 --> 00:27:06,980
happily swimming absolutely and they're

647
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:08,960
swimming quite safely as long as it

648
00:27:13,270 --> 00:27:11,810
hasn't rained recently but some of the

649
00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:13,280
big research questions that were

650
00:27:18,460 --> 00:27:15,890
tackling for example are relevant

651
00:27:21,220 --> 00:27:18,470
globally the results will be useful to

652
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:21,230
parameters water quality models for s

653
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:23,450
trees around the globe but they're hot

654
00:27:27,670 --> 00:27:25,610
topics here as well so we're able to get

655
00:27:29,500 --> 00:27:27,680
teams of research together we get

656
00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:29,510
chemists analytical chemists we get

657
00:27:33,940 --> 00:27:32,090
microbial ecologists we get macro formal

658
00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:33,950
ecologists we get hydrologists and

659
00:27:38,170 --> 00:27:36,290
physicists and geomorphologists team

660
00:27:39,850 --> 00:27:38,180
them up together you really need a huge

661
00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:39,860
range of skills it almost sounds like a

662
00:27:50,770 --> 00:27:41,330
song you could put all those words

663
00:27:54,540 --> 00:27:50,780
together sometimes I feel like I should

664
00:27:57,520 --> 00:27:54,550
be so we conduct these people together

665
00:27:58,810 --> 00:27:57,530
into a lovely Orchestra and so the

666
00:28:00,340 --> 00:27:58,820
Sydney Institute of Marine Science is

667
00:28:01,810 --> 00:28:00,350
built for that purpose it's built to

668
00:28:03,880 --> 00:28:01,820
bring people together from the different

669
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:03,890
universities from the different research

670
00:28:07,870 --> 00:28:05,810
organizations from the museum from the

671
00:28:10,090 --> 00:28:07,880
government yeah and it's when you get

672
00:28:11,770 --> 00:28:10,100
these nice synthesis of people and these

673
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:11,780
matching of skills that you can tackle

674
00:28:15,910 --> 00:28:14,090
environmental problems because you

675
00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:15,920
actually need every one of those skills

676
00:28:20,050 --> 00:28:18,530
one big issue is how does the

677
00:28:23,260 --> 00:28:20,060
contamination in the sediments of the

678
00:28:25,690 --> 00:28:23,270
harbour affect nitrogen cycling and the

679
00:28:27,730 --> 00:28:25,700
water quality above your and to do that

680
00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:27,740
you need every one of those people now

681
00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:29,690
what I'll do now is come with me and

682
00:28:34,540 --> 00:28:30,890
we'll just walk around

683
00:28:36,790 --> 00:28:34,550
appear here and I'd love you to take me

684
00:28:39,100 --> 00:28:36,800
on a little tour of the aquarium

685
00:28:40,630 --> 00:28:39,110
building I'd really like to show you the

686
00:28:46,620 --> 00:28:40,640
aquarium there's so much going on here

687
00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:46,630
and now we've come in here to a

688
00:28:50,110 --> 00:28:49,520
wonderful building down by the water

689
00:28:58,210 --> 00:28:50,120
here

690
00:29:01,210 --> 00:28:58,220
urchins I think this is our wonderful

691
00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:01,220
new aquarium building we have lots of

692
00:29:04,150 --> 00:29:02,570
different spaces lots of different

693
00:29:06,100 --> 00:29:04,160
experiments being run simultaneously

694
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:06,110
because there's so many different tugs

695
00:29:10,690 --> 00:29:08,090
and we can also control the water

696
00:29:12,130 --> 00:29:10,700
temperature we can control the carbon

697
00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:12,140
dioxide levels in the water we can do

698
00:29:16,390 --> 00:29:14,650
all sorts of manipulative experiments

699
00:29:18,430 --> 00:29:16,400
fascinating now let's have a look at

700
00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:18,440
these tubs along here for example they

701
00:29:22,270 --> 00:29:20,210
don't look like there's too much going

702
00:29:25,810 --> 00:29:22,280
on on in this these are really just

703
00:29:27,790 --> 00:29:25,820
holding this house yes that's right this

704
00:29:30,610 --> 00:29:27,800
is my colonia which is one of our local

705
00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:30,620
helps and it's some sea urchins that are

706
00:29:33,970 --> 00:29:32,210
munching down on that so these are just

707
00:29:35,890 --> 00:29:33,980
holding tanks until the experiments are

708
00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:35,900
ready to start and you ER

709
00:29:39,700 --> 00:29:37,490
as we walked in you were telling me

710
00:29:43,030 --> 00:29:39,710
there's another room over there which is

711
00:29:45,790 --> 00:29:43,040
sealed so you can actually have very

712
00:29:48,910 --> 00:29:45,800
nasty diseases in the experiment that's

713
00:29:50,920 --> 00:29:48,920
right so that's a pc2 aquarium facility

714
00:29:53,890 --> 00:29:50,930
and we can do all sorts of manipulations

715
00:29:56,350 --> 00:29:53,900
in there as well as work with organisms

716
00:29:58,660 --> 00:29:56,360
that would otherwise be dangerous to let

717
00:30:00,460 --> 00:29:58,670
out in the wild so we know that anything

718
00:30:03,430 --> 00:30:00,470
in there is not going to get out alive

719
00:30:06,040 --> 00:30:03,440
so you can do experiments with disease

720
00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:06,050
resistance for example or with really

721
00:30:10,990 --> 00:30:07,850
look you you're like that's a hard word

722
00:30:13,270 --> 00:30:11,000
to take organisms that might otherwise

723
00:30:15,220 --> 00:30:13,280
be quite dangerous to have in the

724
00:30:17,010 --> 00:30:15,230
outside world completely sealed

725
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:17,020
everything that comes out of that is

726
00:30:20,659 --> 00:30:18,570
totally

727
00:30:24,430 --> 00:30:20,669
like Zach but one gets out there so

728
00:30:31,210 --> 00:30:29,590
just walk around here and there are many

729
00:30:35,350 --> 00:30:31,220
rows of these tanks all got a little

730
00:30:36,190 --> 00:30:35,360
buckets here and hello hello and what's

731
00:30:38,500 --> 00:30:36,200
your job here

732
00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:38,510
I'm just currently building my

733
00:30:43,020 --> 00:30:40,850
experiment which I'll be studying next

734
00:30:46,660 --> 00:30:43,030
week hopefully if all goes to plan

735
00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:46,670
somebody's sitting up pipe ads above my

736
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:48,890
tank to film my animals and how they

737
00:30:53,530 --> 00:30:51,530
move around and that's interesting I can

738
00:30:56,170 --> 00:30:53,540
see it's just in the process of being

739
00:30:58,330 --> 00:30:56,180
set up so you're gonna have iPads face

740
00:31:02,290 --> 00:30:58,340
facing down or the camera facing down to

741
00:31:04,770 --> 00:31:02,300
the apps on iPads that will actually

742
00:31:07,120 --> 00:31:04,780
track animals so it's a cheap way of

743
00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:07,130
kind of filming them without having to

744
00:31:10,660 --> 00:31:08,770
be there and spend a lot of time

745
00:31:12,820 --> 00:31:10,670
constantly looking at them or taking

746
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:12,830
photos of him how good is that so you

747
00:31:17,230 --> 00:31:14,450
could have just plug them in somewhere

748
00:31:19,810 --> 00:31:17,240
they just let them run yeah exactly that

749
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:19,820
that's fascinating well I wish you every

750
00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:21,530
success what an interesting place it is

751
00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:23,930
you have to do your research I know it's

752
00:31:30,670 --> 00:31:26,290
been it's great using these facilities

753
00:31:35,620 --> 00:31:30,680
thank you folks there you go there you

754
00:31:37,870 --> 00:31:35,630
are another piece tablet technology

755
00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:37,880
that's right there's all sorts of new

756
00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:39,770
things that are being done with GoPro

757
00:31:44,410 --> 00:31:41,930
cameras and iPads and we're getting a

758
00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:44,420
lot more visual representations of what

759
00:31:47,740 --> 00:31:45,770
happens under the water not only in

760
00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:47,750
laboratories like this and aquaria but

761
00:31:51,400 --> 00:31:49,370
also out in the real world so a lot of

762
00:31:54,460 --> 00:31:51,410
use of GoPro cameras now they are

763
00:31:56,380 --> 00:31:54,470
underwater cameras then they pick up a

764
00:31:58,720 --> 00:31:56,390
lot of light so that we can get lots of

765
00:32:00,850 --> 00:31:58,730
visual images here is a try and start to

766
00:32:03,130 --> 00:32:00,860
understand animal behavior under the

767
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:03,140
water something that is really difficult

768
00:32:07,450 --> 00:32:05,090
to study has been in the past due to

769
00:32:10,420 --> 00:32:07,460
limited scuba time and now we're really

770
00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:10,430
getting a lot more visual representation

771
00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:11,570
and it's getting cheaper to do

772
00:32:15,490 --> 00:32:13,460
absolutely and so we have a lot of

773
00:32:17,770 --> 00:32:15,500
student projects and they're spending a

774
00:32:19,870 --> 00:32:17,780
lot of time setting up the cameras but

775
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:19,880
then dealing with it back in the lab

776
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:22,010
just watching hours and hours an hour to

777
00:32:30,779 --> 00:32:28,950
looking peering through another window

778
00:32:32,549 --> 00:32:30,789
here into a little room what what's this

779
00:32:34,380 --> 00:32:32,559
happening in here so what we've done is

780
00:32:36,750 --> 00:32:34,390
we've created controlled temperature

781
00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:36,760
aquarium facilities which means that we

782
00:32:41,100 --> 00:32:39,130
can set the temperature of this room and

783
00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:41,110
there's three of these rooms we might

784
00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:43,570
set one at 18 we might set one at 22 and

785
00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:45,940
light set one at 26 and that will give

786
00:32:48,930 --> 00:32:47,890
different environmental conditions for

787
00:32:50,789 --> 00:32:48,940
the animals that we're working with

788
00:32:52,350 --> 00:32:50,799
we're particularly interested in climate

789
00:32:54,690 --> 00:32:52,360
change because New South Wales and

790
00:32:57,419 --> 00:32:54,700
Sydney Harbor is a it's a climate change

791
00:32:58,740 --> 00:32:57,429
hotspot with regards to temperature and

792
00:33:00,509 --> 00:32:58,750
that's because the East Australian

793
00:33:02,789 --> 00:33:00,519
current is strengthening we know it's

794
00:33:04,769 --> 00:33:02,799
strengthening and it pumps down warm

795
00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:04,779
water from the tropics straight down the

796
00:33:09,269 --> 00:33:06,970
east coast and this particular point

797
00:33:11,490 --> 00:33:09,279
here is where we're seeing the largest

798
00:33:14,100 --> 00:33:11,500
changes in the temperature so this area

799
00:33:15,779 --> 00:33:14,110
two or three degrees really rapid

800
00:33:17,700 --> 00:33:15,789
changes in temperatures simply because

801
00:33:20,490 --> 00:33:17,710
that East Australian current is coming

802
00:33:22,620 --> 00:33:20,500
down further really before it spins off

803
00:33:24,779 --> 00:33:22,630
and peels off from the coaster so

804
00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:24,789
particularly interested in the tropical

805
00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:26,260
species that are coming down a lot of

806
00:33:30,029 --> 00:33:27,820
tropical fish species have brought it

807
00:33:31,500 --> 00:33:30,039
brought down just like a Nemo they're

808
00:33:33,149 --> 00:33:31,510
actually brought down on the Eastern

809
00:33:36,180 --> 00:33:33,159
current yep and they come into the

810
00:33:38,129 --> 00:33:36,190
harbor every year they survive the

811
00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:38,139
summer but up until now most of them

812
00:33:42,060 --> 00:33:40,480
have not been able to overwinter so they

813
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:42,070
won't survive through the winter so they

814
00:33:47,129 --> 00:33:45,010
don't establish populations but we're

815
00:33:49,049 --> 00:33:47,139
just getting to the point where the mean

816
00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:49,059
minimum water temperature is

817
00:33:55,230 --> 00:33:52,090
sufficiently high that we will start to

818
00:33:58,049 --> 00:33:55,240
see them overwintering and then change

819
00:34:00,060 --> 00:33:58,059
things dramatically had I guess total

820
00:34:02,399 --> 00:34:00,070
change in the harbour ecosystem we call

821
00:34:05,399 --> 00:34:02,409
it tropical ization so we're potentially

822
00:34:07,860 --> 00:34:05,409
seeing a huge suite of new herbivorous

823
00:34:10,020 --> 00:34:07,870
largely herbivorous fish species coming

824
00:34:12,720 --> 00:34:10,030
into the harbor so we expecting major

825
00:34:16,379 --> 00:34:12,730
ecosystem change over the next 10 20

826
00:34:19,109 --> 00:34:16,389
years I have no idea yeah and it's not

827
00:34:21,270 --> 00:34:19,119
something that you can stop something

828
00:34:23,419 --> 00:34:21,280
that you can put a grid on the front of

829
00:34:24,980 --> 00:34:23,429
the harbor and not let them in it

830
00:34:27,139 --> 00:34:24,990
something that we have to work with and

831
00:34:29,089 --> 00:34:27,149
try and reduce the other stressors in

832
00:34:31,069 --> 00:34:29,099
the system so that the system is

833
00:34:34,490 --> 00:34:31,079
resilient enough to deal with this

834
00:34:40,700 --> 00:34:34,500
massive ecosystem change good things you

835
00:34:45,289 --> 00:34:40,710
learned working on smaller organisms

836
00:34:46,940 --> 00:34:45,299
here so urgent and small fish a lot a

837
00:34:49,879 --> 00:34:46,950
lot of different invertebrates and a lot

838
00:34:51,889 --> 00:34:49,889
of algae but we do have some larger

839
00:34:59,410 --> 00:34:51,899
tanks here with all yes just come in to

840
00:35:02,510 --> 00:34:59,420
another room here with oh it's a YUM

841
00:35:06,049 --> 00:35:02,520
it's about a meter and a half across

842
00:35:09,529 --> 00:35:06,059
it's a very big round sort of tank made

843
00:35:10,940 --> 00:35:09,539
out of fiberglass I guess so we do a lot

844
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:10,950
of research in conjunction with

845
00:35:14,720 --> 00:35:12,930
fisheries which is a New South Wales

846
00:35:16,250 --> 00:35:14,730
Government Department and they're

847
00:35:18,010 --> 00:35:16,260
particularly interested in some of the

848
00:35:21,170 --> 00:35:18,020
fish that are important recreational

849
00:35:23,510 --> 00:35:21,180
fish so in the past these tanks have

850
00:35:25,700 --> 00:35:23,520
been used to hold mulloway for mulloway

851
00:35:27,529 --> 00:35:25,710
stocking programs so they might grow up

852
00:35:30,380 --> 00:35:27,539
the juvenile mile away and then release

853
00:35:32,690 --> 00:35:30,390
them into estuaries to actually try it

854
00:35:35,079 --> 00:35:32,700
attempt to increase the population on

855
00:35:37,309 --> 00:35:35,089
those recreationally important fish

856
00:35:40,609 --> 00:35:37,319
there's all sorts of engines and pumps

857
00:35:42,170 --> 00:35:40,619
and filters and I think that one's you

858
00:35:43,370 --> 00:35:42,180
know is just behind me it's just going

859
00:35:45,769 --> 00:35:43,380
off

860
00:35:48,019 --> 00:35:45,779
soundscape here's one let's go we have a

861
00:35:51,890 --> 00:35:48,029
look down the pier let's walk and stroll

862
00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:51,900
out of here well that was quite an

863
00:35:54,980 --> 00:35:53,970
experience to be in the aquarium there

864
00:35:59,569 --> 00:35:54,990
now we've come back out to this

865
00:36:01,460 --> 00:35:59,579
wonderful pier now you you don't keep

866
00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:01,470
your light under a bushel how can people

867
00:36:05,599 --> 00:36:03,690
find out more about the fascinating oh

868
00:36:07,249 --> 00:36:05,609
hello what's this we're being invaded by

869
00:36:09,829 --> 00:36:07,259
a helicopter their ghost must be channel

870
00:36:13,039 --> 00:36:09,839
7 news I think how can people find out

871
00:36:15,470 --> 00:36:13,049
more about what what it's all about

872
00:36:17,720 --> 00:36:15,480
well a big part of our Sydney Harbor

873
00:36:19,309 --> 00:36:17,730
research program is outreach and we're

874
00:36:21,430 --> 00:36:19,319
trying to reach out to a huge range of

875
00:36:23,990 --> 00:36:21,440
audiences but for starters if you're

876
00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:24,000
anywhere in the world you can just hop

877
00:36:27,769 --> 00:36:25,920
onto our website so the Sydney Harbour

878
00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:27,779
Research Program website and you can see

879
00:36:30,470 --> 00:36:29,130
all the different projects are up -

880
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:30,480
there's lots of information about the

881
00:36:34,279 --> 00:36:32,130
harbour as well if you want to find out

882
00:36:36,410 --> 00:36:34,289
and lots of contact details so that's

883
00:36:38,029 --> 00:36:36,420
your first point of call and then if

884
00:36:39,740 --> 00:36:38,039
you're in the Sydney region where we're

885
00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:39,750
running loads of different programs you

886
00:36:44,089 --> 00:36:41,910
can get involved do lots of Education

887
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:44,099
and lots of public talks so there's a

888
00:36:48,950 --> 00:36:46,410
good you have a good policy of for

889
00:36:51,109 --> 00:36:48,960
example involving schools school groups

890
00:36:53,210 --> 00:36:51,119
that's right so we've developed specific

891
00:36:55,309 --> 00:36:53,220
programs that are fitting in with the

892
00:36:58,039 --> 00:36:55,319
curriculum and that are specifically

893
00:37:00,559 --> 00:36:58,049
dealing with issues in Sydney Harbor and

894
00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:00,569
we can go out there and deliver them or

895
00:37:04,339 --> 00:37:02,490
we can get student groups in which is

896
00:37:06,140 --> 00:37:04,349
what we do quite a lot and they will

897
00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:06,150
actually do a part of their course here

898
00:37:10,370 --> 00:37:08,880
wow that's pretty impressive and I love

899
00:37:12,019 --> 00:37:10,380
outreach I think that's that's so

900
00:37:13,819 --> 00:37:12,029
important because you get people very

901
00:37:17,690 --> 00:37:13,829
enthused and interested in it what's the

902
00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:17,700
URL for that website harbour program dot

903
00:37:25,220 --> 00:37:20,640
Sims org a you know of course we spell

904
00:37:30,249 --> 00:37:25,230
harbour har B oh you are and program P

905
00:37:36,289 --> 00:37:32,210
international about that so harbour

906
00:37:38,089 --> 00:37:36,299
program dr. Sims org dot au and if

907
00:37:39,980 --> 00:37:38,099
there's one last take-home message you'd

908
00:37:41,539 --> 00:37:39,990
have for the people of Sydney

909
00:37:45,499 --> 00:37:41,549
regarding their harbour what would that

910
00:37:47,539 --> 00:37:45,509
be really the take-home message is don't

911
00:37:49,789 --> 00:37:47,549
just look on the surface and enjoy the

912
00:37:51,859 --> 00:37:49,799
sparkling waters really look underneath

913
00:37:53,990 --> 00:37:51,869
so if you get an opportunity get that

914
00:37:54,810 --> 00:37:54,000
mask and snorkel on go for a dip see

915
00:37:56,220 --> 00:37:54,820
what's happening

916
00:37:58,320 --> 00:37:56,230
underneath so that you can start to

917
00:37:59,730 --> 00:37:58,330
appreciate and empathize with all the

918
00:38:02,580 --> 00:37:59,740
animals that are trying to share this

919
00:38:25,170 --> 00:38:02,590
lovely place with us good message dr.

920
00:38:27,090 --> 00:38:25,180
Emma Johnson thank you very much hey

921
00:38:29,070 --> 00:38:27,100
this is Jane Avila from the skeptics

922
00:38:30,240 --> 00:38:29,080
guide to the universe podcast did you

923
00:38:32,100 --> 00:38:30,250
know that there are thousands of

924
00:38:34,620 --> 00:38:32,110
skeptical reports interviews and

925
00:38:35,340 --> 00:38:34,630
investigations going back to 1981 free

926
00:38:39,780 --> 00:38:35,350
to download

927
00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:39,790
just visit WWF Dexcom a you click the

928
00:38:43,260 --> 00:38:41,320
publication's link and enjoy almost

929
00:38:45,420 --> 00:38:43,270
every back issue of the skeptic the

930
00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:45,430
Journal from Australian skeptics you can

931
00:38:49,470 --> 00:38:47,320
also subscribe online and get the latest

932
00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:49,480
digital or hard copy of this the world's

933
00:38:55,350 --> 00:38:51,930
second oldest skeptical magazine that's

934
00:39:06,480 --> 00:38:55,360
wws kept XCOM a you or just google

935
00:39:09,540 --> 00:39:06,490
Australian skeptics this week in science

936
00:39:11,820 --> 00:39:09,550
we saw musical treadmills restoring the

937
00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:11,830
sense of touch and the inaugural world

938
00:39:28,690 --> 00:39:26,350
men all around the world put their balls

939
00:39:31,960 --> 00:39:28,700
on the line on Friday the 18th of

940
00:39:33,940 --> 00:39:31,970
October world vasectomy day the goal is

941
00:39:36,580 --> 00:39:33,950
to start a global conversation about the

942
00:39:38,890 --> 00:39:36,590
social cultural and ethical issues of an

943
00:39:40,780 --> 00:39:38,900
ever-increasing population and the

944
00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:40,790
effect it has on the planets of finite

945
00:39:45,220 --> 00:39:43,370
resources this world first vasectomy

946
00:39:48,340 --> 00:39:45,230
Athan was inspired by documentary

947
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:48,350
filmmaker Jonathan stack whose film the

948
00:39:51,850 --> 00:39:49,010
vasectomy

949
00:39:54,700 --> 00:39:51,860
premieres this week you can also follow

950
00:39:58,960 --> 00:39:54,710
the action snip by snip on the are isles

951
00:40:01,300 --> 00:39:58,970
website the sense of touch has been

952
00:40:03,940 --> 00:40:01,310
replicated using electrical signals in

953
00:40:05,230 --> 00:40:03,950
the brain using monkeys scientists

954
00:40:07,470 --> 00:40:05,240
stimulated the part of the brain

955
00:40:09,880 --> 00:40:07,480
responsible for the sensation of touch

956
00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:09,890
conveying information about how much

957
00:40:14,110 --> 00:40:11,810
pressure and what part of the hand it

958
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:14,120
touched the trained monkeys responded

959
00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:16,010
just as if an object had touched their

960
00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:18,710
real hand this is hoped to pave the way

961
00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:20,690
for the restoration of a sense of touch

962
00:40:27,340 --> 00:40:24,970
for people with prosthetic limbs

963
00:40:29,640 --> 00:40:27,350
rainbowfish are able to recognize

964
00:40:32,380 --> 00:40:29,650
potential threats while still an embryo

965
00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:32,390
taking vitamin D supplements does not

966
00:40:37,930 --> 00:40:34,970
increase bone mineral density nor help

967
00:40:40,060 --> 00:40:37,940
prevent osteoporosis exercise treadmills

968
00:40:42,580 --> 00:40:40,070
which generate music as a result of a

969
00:40:44,770 --> 00:40:42,590
person's exertions leaves that person

970
00:40:47,530 --> 00:40:44,780
feeling less exhausted afterwards and

971
00:40:49,660 --> 00:40:47,540
repeatedly viewing images of food may

972
00:40:53,670 --> 00:40:49,670
actually decrease your appetite and

973
00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:53,680
enjoyment of eating that particular food

974
00:40:57,850 --> 00:40:55,760
don't forget to check out world

975
00:40:59,620 --> 00:40:57,860
vasectomy day on the our isles website

976
00:41:02,020 --> 00:40:59,630
and while you're there why not subscribe

977
00:41:04,150 --> 00:41:02,030
for future episodes of a week in science

978
00:41:15,230 --> 00:41:04,160
that's it for this a week in science

979
00:41:21,030 --> 00:41:18,570
hi this is Carrie papi I am Ross

980
00:41:25,290 --> 00:41:21,040
Fletcher okay Ross hey we're from a

981
00:41:26,670 --> 00:41:25,300
podcast called Carrie we find out what

982
00:41:28,080 --> 00:41:26,680
happens when you show up and ask

983
00:41:30,300 --> 00:41:28,090
questions we've hung out with the

984
00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:30,310
caballes the Mormons we've gone and

985
00:41:35,310 --> 00:41:32,890
gotten ear candle gone to the Sikhs we

986
00:41:37,110 --> 00:41:35,320
show up so you don't have to so find out

987
00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:37,120
where we're going next we'll even have

988
00:41:41,550 --> 00:41:38,890
special episodes where we have famous

989
00:41:43,470 --> 00:41:41,560
guests like Brian Dalton from mr. deity

990
00:41:45,510 --> 00:41:43,480
you heard that awesome theme music he

991
00:41:50,070 --> 00:41:45,520
wrote that you should come visit us at

992
00:41:52,860 --> 00:41:50,080
Ono podcast.com or facebook.com slash on

993
00:41:56,940 --> 00:41:52,870
rack what the hell's honor a cross o in

994
00:42:02,640 --> 00:41:56,950
RAC Oh Ross and Carrie that's our show

995
00:42:10,940 --> 00:42:07,630
here's Maynard spooky action at a

996
00:42:14,700 --> 00:42:13,350
well people is rushing and hushing and

997
00:42:16,770 --> 00:42:14,710
I'm standing here in my elasticized

998
00:42:19,260 --> 00:42:16,780
shorts as the excitement of skeptic camp

999
00:42:20,460 --> 00:42:19,270
washes over all of us Vanessa how you

1000
00:42:22,140 --> 00:42:20,470
I'm well thank you

1001
00:42:24,420 --> 00:42:22,150
no I believe for fun you'd like to do a

1002
00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:24,430
sort of a fake PhD which you can present

1003
00:42:28,260 --> 00:42:25,570
at skeptic camp that's what you'd like

1004
00:42:30,330 --> 00:42:28,270
to do because that was a history of the

1005
00:42:32,630 --> 00:42:30,340
future you just gave us yeah it was it's

1006
00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:32,640
a master's degree so it's like a mini

1007
00:42:37,980 --> 00:42:36,130
PhD I suppose you could say no I hope

1008
00:42:40,020 --> 00:42:37,990
you're the hardest engine for that it's

1009
00:42:42,390 --> 00:42:40,030
currently in the process of peer reviews

1010
00:42:44,100 --> 00:42:42,400
so giving that talk whereas my little

1011
00:42:45,690 --> 00:42:44,110
peer review process personally just

1012
00:42:47,370 --> 00:42:45,700
seeing how people received it I've never

1013
00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:47,380
spoken about it before oh and what

1014
00:42:51,060 --> 00:42:48,970
degree are you actually doing it was a

1015
00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:51,070
masters of science communication at Anu

1016
00:42:54,720 --> 00:42:53,050
so it was half research so I did a

1017
00:42:56,190 --> 00:42:54,730
research project looking at the history

1018
00:43:00,090 --> 00:42:56,200
of the future and looking at people's

1019
00:43:02,220 --> 00:43:00,100
public public images of 2050 so with

1020
00:43:03,870 --> 00:43:02,230
that degree a good job would be you

1021
00:43:05,520 --> 00:43:03,880
would communicate the latest research to

1022
00:43:06,840 --> 00:43:05,530
the CSIRO to the public and not get a

1023
00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:06,850
confused that'd be one of the things you

1024
00:43:10,230 --> 00:43:08,170
would do with that that's a possibility

1025
00:43:12,180 --> 00:43:10,240
yes we would write a really well good

1026
00:43:14,849 --> 00:43:12,190
well about book tour would sell millions

1027
00:43:18,030 --> 00:43:14,859
of copies I hoped and make millions as

1028
00:43:19,140 --> 00:43:18,040
an author yeah and now with that history

1029
00:43:21,330 --> 00:43:19,150
in the future what do you think is the

1030
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:21,340
most consistent thing we can learn from

1031
00:43:25,530 --> 00:43:23,200
people to try to predict the future what

1032
00:43:27,090 --> 00:43:25,540
about as it Alvin Toffler future shop

1033
00:43:29,310 --> 00:43:27,100
with did it have anything in it that we

1034
00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:29,320
can is still relevant I think having a

1035
00:43:33,150 --> 00:43:31,090
look at futures literature say over the

1036
00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:33,160
past 100 years there's a couple of

1037
00:43:37,380 --> 00:43:34,810
things we can learn one is that our

1038
00:43:39,060 --> 00:43:37,390
thoughts of the future are really placed

1039
00:43:40,380 --> 00:43:39,070
in tropes at the present so we have a

1040
00:43:43,080 --> 00:43:40,390
look at things that are happening at

1041
00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:43,090
this point in time and we say it's going

1042
00:43:48,060 --> 00:43:46,570
to be more advanced in in this way so we

1043
00:43:50,910 --> 00:43:48,070
might have a look at say at the end of

1044
00:43:52,590 --> 00:43:50,920
the space race say oh by the year 1995

1045
00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:52,600
we're gonna have people living on

1046
00:43:56,190 --> 00:43:54,250
another planet because that that's

1047
00:43:58,109 --> 00:43:56,200
something that just grows as an

1048
00:43:59,970 --> 00:43:58,119
extension of the present right the other

1049
00:44:02,700 --> 00:43:59,980
thing that we've learned looking at

1050
00:44:05,220 --> 00:44:02,710
futures of past 100 years is that people

1051
00:44:09,030 --> 00:44:05,230
always have ideas of huge technological

1052
00:44:10,200 --> 00:44:09,040
progress and place science as a magical

1053
00:44:11,790 --> 00:44:10,210
thing that can solve all of our problems

1054
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:11,800
yes because I was bringing up a cold

1055
00:44:14,580 --> 00:44:13,510
fusion zero-point energy something like

1056
00:44:16,380 --> 00:44:14,590
if you had like something new you're

1057
00:44:18,289 --> 00:44:16,390
able to get lots of energy from that

1058
00:44:20,269 --> 00:44:18,299
didn't give emissions and did

1059
00:44:22,789 --> 00:44:20,279
pay to heat so the plant didn't warm up

1060
00:44:24,289 --> 00:44:22,799
to the temperature of Venus you would

1061
00:44:26,809 --> 00:44:24,299
have a completely transformed society

1062
00:44:29,569 --> 00:44:26,819
you would I hate to think of our planet

1063
00:44:32,059 --> 00:44:29,579
at 480 odd degrees which is the

1064
00:44:33,589 --> 00:44:32,069
temperature well if everyone's using

1065
00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:33,599
energy it's got a decay to something and

1066
00:44:37,130 --> 00:44:35,130
even if you has it's got to do something

1067
00:44:38,509 --> 00:44:37,140
so you know everyone does seem to think

1068
00:44:39,949 --> 00:44:38,519
we can keep building and building but

1069
00:44:41,809 --> 00:44:39,959
I'm big Smith about this you just can't

1070
00:44:43,189 --> 00:44:41,819
keep building and building we need to

1071
00:44:45,439 --> 00:44:43,199
change and change it is an always

1072
00:44:47,839 --> 00:44:45,449
building sometimes it's creating

1073
00:44:50,209 --> 00:44:47,849
different types of infrastructure or

1074
00:44:51,620 --> 00:44:50,219
doing things in different ways what

1075
00:44:53,569 --> 00:44:51,630
about big developments like people

1076
00:44:55,339 --> 00:44:53,579
willingly giving away their privacy with

1077
00:44:57,109 --> 00:44:55,349
like social media and across the

1078
00:44:58,939 --> 00:44:57,119
government getting our privacy from us

1079
00:45:00,140 --> 00:44:58,949
in new ways like that 10 years ago you

1080
00:45:02,569 --> 00:45:00,150
probably wouldn't even put that in a

1081
00:45:03,799 --> 00:45:02,579
question here would you probably not and

1082
00:45:05,269 --> 00:45:03,809
I think a lot of people are concerned

1083
00:45:06,769 --> 00:45:05,279
about that's something that people talk

1084
00:45:09,559 --> 00:45:06,779
about a lot in the future is

1085
00:45:11,359 --> 00:45:09,569
identification and say if we had a chip

1086
00:45:13,189 --> 00:45:11,369
or a microchip that we would put in all

1087
00:45:15,169 --> 00:45:13,199
of us that would have our health records

1088
00:45:17,179 --> 00:45:15,179
on it for example in ways I think that

1089
00:45:18,949 --> 00:45:17,189
could be a good thing say you were in an

1090
00:45:20,809 --> 00:45:18,959
accident and ambulance could come along

1091
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:20,819
and with some kind of reader just read

1092
00:45:24,799 --> 00:45:23,130
your chip and find out who you were and

1093
00:45:26,449 --> 00:45:24,809
what your medical history was there are

1094
00:45:28,969 --> 00:45:26,459
benefits to that but it's also a huge

1095
00:45:30,410 --> 00:45:28,979
invasion of privacy because I'm sure

1096
00:45:32,029 --> 00:45:30,420
that people could create technology that

1097
00:45:34,069 --> 00:45:32,039
could read everyone's chips on the same

1098
00:45:35,839 --> 00:45:34,079
buses them what group are the most

1099
00:45:38,179 --> 00:45:35,849
skeptical about the future from your

1100
00:45:39,829 --> 00:45:38,189
studies the group that is the most

1101
00:45:42,529 --> 00:45:39,839
skeptical of those who were the most

1102
00:45:44,779 --> 00:45:42,539
resistant to change in previous studies

1103
00:45:47,299 --> 00:45:44,789
people who live in more developed

1104
00:45:50,890 --> 00:45:47,309
countries are more accepting of the

1105
00:45:54,410 --> 00:45:50,900
future and more I guess have a better

1106
00:45:58,160 --> 00:45:54,420
capability to predict future trends so

1107
00:46:01,039 --> 00:45:58,170
people that would would be less willing

1108
00:46:03,199 --> 00:46:01,049
to change often those who live on what

1109
00:46:04,849 --> 00:46:03,209
is sometimes defined as the peripheries

1110
00:46:07,180 --> 00:46:04,859
of society so I guess people who don't

1111
00:46:09,070 --> 00:46:07,190
have a high level of education

1112
00:46:11,230 --> 00:46:09,080
or who live there that you know city

1113
00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:11,240
fringe areas I don't think that's really

1114
00:46:17,050 --> 00:46:14,210
a definition anymore but in studies in

1115
00:46:18,670 --> 00:46:17,060
history it has been ok rodeo well look

1116
00:46:20,020 --> 00:46:18,680
I've got appalling nail so I got to

1117
00:46:21,400 --> 00:46:20,030
admit on the close-up shots you had

1118
00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:21,410
there you've got really good French

1119
00:46:25,030 --> 00:46:22,970
polish and you've got never got chipped

1120
00:46:36,310 --> 00:46:25,040
nails you don't what's your secret you

1121
00:46:37,930 --> 00:46:36,320
don't bite or something like that's the

1122
00:46:39,190 --> 00:46:37,940
best advice I've had on the future for

1123
00:46:40,180 --> 00:46:39,200
ages I think if you talk and what are

1124
00:46:43,210 --> 00:46:40,190
you looking forward to today here at

1125
00:46:44,710 --> 00:46:43,220
skeptic at cupcake Camp yes cupcake

1126
00:46:46,660 --> 00:46:44,720
candy it's the elephant in the room

1127
00:46:48,370 --> 00:46:46,670
isn't it I hear there's a big big thing

1128
00:46:53,860 --> 00:46:48,380
big push on strawberry this year for

1129
00:46:55,090 --> 00:46:53,870
some reason see I touch a note of

1130
00:46:56,830 --> 00:46:55,100
skepticism in your voice because you're

1131
00:46:58,030 --> 00:46:56,840
a chocolate person is that why no it's

1132
00:46:59,890 --> 00:46:58,040
because I said perhaps they're in season

1133
00:47:01,240 --> 00:46:59,900
it's a good comment but I noticed at the

1134
00:47:03,070 --> 00:47:01,250
supermarket the other day they're quite

1135
00:47:06,160 --> 00:47:03,080
expensive so they're probably not we'll

1136
00:47:08,350 --> 00:47:06,170
all see you thank you sir look I got to

1137
00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:08,360
say it's not often that someone delivers

1138
00:47:14,020 --> 00:47:12,050
a skip decamp lick chip with half a read

1139
00:47:16,330 --> 00:47:14,030
half a bottle of red already in the bag

1140
00:47:18,460 --> 00:47:16,340
Pete well I think sometimes you just

1141
00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:18,470
need a little bit of loosening up to get

1142
00:47:23,290 --> 00:47:21,290
going I'm on a rather shy and laid-back

1143
00:47:24,580 --> 00:47:23,300
to a person and sometimes I need a bit

1144
00:47:26,470 --> 00:47:24,590
of alcohol in me just to look get it

1145
00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:26,480
going in China because I do what is your

1146
00:47:32,170 --> 00:47:30,380
your website - hey it's ratbags calm now

1147
00:47:33,580 --> 00:47:32,180
you a well-known troublemaker and you

1148
00:47:34,780 --> 00:47:33,590
were giving an example there well

1149
00:47:36,310 --> 00:47:34,790
basically we're just showing us a few of

1150
00:47:37,990 --> 00:47:36,320
the abusive emails you've got over the

1151
00:47:40,600 --> 00:47:38,000
years yes

1152
00:47:42,190 --> 00:47:40,610
as I said right at the start if you take

1153
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:42,200
any kind of controversial position on

1154
00:47:46,450 --> 00:47:44,570
the Internet you expect some kind of

1155
00:47:49,150 --> 00:47:46,460
feedback from people who might disagree

1156
00:47:50,530 --> 00:47:49,160
with you some that is that agreement

1157
00:47:52,600 --> 00:47:50,540
disagreement is quite rational and

1158
00:47:53,650 --> 00:47:52,610
reasonable but what I was trying to do

1159
00:47:55,000 --> 00:47:53,660
is the stuff that isn't the sort of

1160
00:47:58,330 --> 00:47:55,010
thing where people really just go nuts

1161
00:48:00,820 --> 00:47:58,340
or they threaten you at illegal what I

1162
00:48:01,870 --> 00:48:00,830
want to find everything is I asked you a

1163
00:48:03,520 --> 00:48:01,880
question at the end there that most

1164
00:48:05,110 --> 00:48:03,530
people who do you harm or have intent to

1165
00:48:06,490 --> 00:48:05,120
do harm don't normally give you a lot of

1166
00:48:07,900 --> 00:48:06,500
warning they just go bang that's it

1167
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:07,910
people but most people make a lot of

1168
00:48:11,410 --> 00:48:09,290
noise and don't do anything particularly

1169
00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:11,420
with emails and on the internet well

1170
00:48:15,070 --> 00:48:13,370
wonder is the one sure warning sign that

1171
00:48:15,930 --> 00:48:15,080
you should be very careful of that it

1172
00:48:17,820 --> 00:48:15,940
will generate

1173
00:48:20,940 --> 00:48:17,830
to the real-world trouble a letter from

1174
00:48:22,740 --> 00:48:20,950
a real lawyer really anything else I've

1175
00:48:23,940 --> 00:48:22,750
always taken the view that people can

1176
00:48:26,610 --> 00:48:23,950
threaten me as much as they'd like say

1177
00:48:28,860 --> 00:48:26,620
what they like about me but really I was

1178
00:48:30,810 --> 00:48:28,870
saying in 14 years I've only ever had

1179
00:48:33,390 --> 00:48:30,820
through a four contact from actual real

1180
00:48:34,740 --> 00:48:33,400
lawyers one of those withdrew in the

1181
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:34,750
u.s. that was a ridiculous court case

1182
00:48:38,550 --> 00:48:36,010
anyway they sued about 100 different

1183
00:48:42,630 --> 00:48:38,560
people including domain names and people

1184
00:48:44,760 --> 00:48:42,640
that even do exist one was a lawyer for

1185
00:48:47,010 --> 00:48:44,770
a quack operation in Sydney and I simply

1186
00:48:48,870 --> 00:48:47,020
asked them to produce the evidence these

1187
00:48:50,310 --> 00:48:48,880
people claimed they had and I also

1188
00:48:52,170 --> 00:48:50,320
pointed out that the company had issued

1189
00:48:53,940 --> 00:48:52,180
a media release things the HR policy was

1190
00:48:55,680 --> 00:48:53,950
corrupt that they weren't in violation

1191
00:48:57,060 --> 00:48:55,690
of the Trade Practices Act which was in

1192
00:48:59,130 --> 00:48:57,070
violation of their settlement with the a

1193
00:49:00,000 --> 00:48:59,140
Triple C and I sent that media release

1194
00:49:01,170 --> 00:49:00,010
to the lawyers never heard from them

1195
00:49:02,910 --> 00:49:01,180
again

1196
00:49:03,330 --> 00:49:02,920
the other two I've been dragged into

1197
00:49:05,040 --> 00:49:03,340
court

1198
00:49:08,070 --> 00:49:05,050
one was with Merle Dorie and the certain

1199
00:49:09,810 --> 00:49:08,080
vaccination network who spent just over

1200
00:49:11,880 --> 00:49:09,820
a year Ragman the court that's

1201
00:49:13,710 --> 00:49:11,890
ridiculous applicator hidden violence

1202
00:49:15,090 --> 00:49:13,720
order and the other was a company that

1203
00:49:16,590 --> 00:49:15,100
had been found by the federal court to

1204
00:49:19,230 --> 00:49:16,600
be operating a local pyramid scheme and

1205
00:49:20,370 --> 00:49:19,240
I reported it my objective of that and

1206
00:49:22,800 --> 00:49:20,380
drag me to court claiming it was

1207
00:49:25,020 --> 00:49:22,810
damaging their business so you advise if

1208
00:49:26,940 --> 00:49:25,030
you do get even an alarming email from

1209
00:49:29,310 --> 00:49:26,950
someone threatening things is to not

1210
00:49:31,710 --> 00:49:29,320
reply at all is silence the best reply I

1211
00:49:33,060 --> 00:49:31,720
think so yes I bid I reply sometimes the

1212
00:49:35,520 --> 00:49:33,070
burly crazy ones that are obviously

1213
00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:35,530
crazy or ones that where people don't

1214
00:49:39,150 --> 00:49:37,330
seem to make any point at all if someone

1215
00:49:40,020 --> 00:49:39,160
actually emails me and says I am going

1216
00:49:42,390 --> 00:49:40,030
to sue you

1217
00:49:44,070 --> 00:49:42,400
I don't reply I put it on a web page

1218
00:49:45,450 --> 00:49:44,080
I've got listening back us illegal

1219
00:49:47,910 --> 00:49:45,460
threats with the number of days into the

1220
00:49:49,890 --> 00:49:47,920
threat was made and just wait for it to

1221
00:49:52,290 --> 00:49:49,900
happen because in most cases they aren't

1222
00:49:55,170 --> 00:49:52,300
going to do it and what category has got

1223
00:49:56,430 --> 00:49:55,180
you the most hate mail is it is it

1224
00:49:59,400 --> 00:49:56,440
people that you would consider

1225
00:50:02,340 --> 00:49:59,410
charlatans or people that are trading in

1226
00:50:03,270 --> 00:50:02,350
proprietary trading incorrectly yeah

1227
00:50:04,680 --> 00:50:03,280
what do you reckon will be the biggest

1228
00:50:06,920 --> 00:50:04,690
category the biggest category between

1229
00:50:09,330 --> 00:50:06,930
the four levira seems to look at is

1230
00:50:11,010 --> 00:50:09,340
religion or I go for religious bigotry

1231
00:50:12,960 --> 00:50:11,020
and the only vaccinations people and

1232
00:50:14,100 --> 00:50:12,970
alternative medicine people the rest

1233
00:50:15,330 --> 00:50:14,110
don't seem to mud I mean I gave an

1234
00:50:17,490 --> 00:50:15,340
example there something my Holocaust

1235
00:50:19,500 --> 00:50:17,500
denier I get almost nothing from them at

1236
00:50:21,870 --> 00:50:19,510
all yet I've said some really nasty

1237
00:50:24,300 --> 00:50:21,880
things about them but who wouldn't and

1238
00:50:26,490 --> 00:50:24,310
so the idea is to probably when you

1239
00:50:28,230 --> 00:50:26,500
do get these crackpot emails or even

1240
00:50:30,000 --> 00:50:28,240
threatening emails or what you consider

1241
00:50:31,440 --> 00:50:30,010
to be strange email should you even run

1242
00:50:33,000 --> 00:50:31,450
them past anyone else or is it just

1243
00:50:34,890 --> 00:50:33,010
enough to put them in a quiet little

1244
00:50:36,300 --> 00:50:34,900
file and not look at them again I've

1245
00:50:39,030 --> 00:50:36,310
seen enough of them Nathan no I think

1246
00:50:40,620 --> 00:50:39,040
when they're serious like I said if it

1247
00:50:44,010 --> 00:50:40,630
turns up from my lawyer then you know

1248
00:50:45,210 --> 00:50:44,020
it's serious but that generally don't

1249
00:50:46,560 --> 00:50:45,220
turn up by email with that I'll turn up

1250
00:50:49,290 --> 00:50:46,570
in in post

1251
00:50:51,930 --> 00:50:49,300
I had one one man who paid a lawyer in

1252
00:50:53,130 --> 00:50:51,940
Melbourne to write me a letter reading

1253
00:50:54,240 --> 00:50:53,140
between the lines the lawyer had

1254
00:50:56,280 --> 00:50:54,250
actually typed this letter beautifully

1255
00:50:58,950 --> 00:50:56,290
and immediately followed by typing an

1256
00:51:00,240 --> 00:50:58,960
invoice her to and between the lines was

1257
00:51:01,140 --> 00:51:00,250
there is this lunatic in my office and

1258
00:51:04,260 --> 00:51:01,150
the only way I can get rid of putting

1259
00:51:06,840 --> 00:51:04,270
this by typing this letter to you see if

1260
00:51:08,040 --> 00:51:06,850
lawyers have to be responded to simple

1261
00:51:09,900 --> 00:51:08,050
threats someone's saying I'm going to

1262
00:51:13,710 --> 00:51:09,910
sue you I don't respond to that other

1263
00:51:14,970 --> 00:51:13,720
than saying get on with it what do you

1264
00:51:18,150 --> 00:51:14,980
think of the focus of this year's script

1265
00:51:20,580 --> 00:51:18,160
you can most get decamps exactly no real

1266
00:51:22,550 --> 00:51:20,590
focus exactly over the place we've had

1267
00:51:24,900 --> 00:51:22,560
some controversy already haven't we yes

1268
00:51:26,280 --> 00:51:24,910
I haven't I didn't go to the

1269
00:51:27,930 --> 00:51:26,290
controversial talk I was somewhere else

1270
00:51:32,610 --> 00:51:27,940
but I believe that it was extremely

1271
00:51:34,290 --> 00:51:32,620
controversial the only thing we can beat

1272
00:51:35,580 --> 00:51:34,300
that controversy is the cupcake

1273
00:51:37,590 --> 00:51:35,590
competition that comes up later

1274
00:51:39,660 --> 00:51:37,600
it's always fun reversal yes it is

1275
00:51:41,310 --> 00:51:39,670
that's right particularly because most

1276
00:51:43,220 --> 00:51:41,320
of the entries lose this time sue to be

1277
00:51:46,200 --> 00:51:43,230
completely organized the cupcake camps

1278
00:51:47,370 --> 00:51:46,210
and so I'm actually and the problem is

1279
00:51:49,020 --> 00:51:47,380
one of them is my daughter so I can't

1280
00:51:51,840 --> 00:51:49,030
give her the prize because that would be

1281
00:51:53,540 --> 00:51:51,850
seen as nepotism the other two are

1282
00:51:55,590 --> 00:51:53,550
friends of mine told obviously hypnotism

1283
00:51:57,030 --> 00:51:55,600
I'm not quite sure how we're going to

1284
00:51:58,410 --> 00:51:57,040
actually judge this and I think you

1285
00:51:59,910 --> 00:51:58,420
should be disqualified from it that's

1286
00:52:00,960 --> 00:51:59,920
the simple guess that'll save me buying

1287
00:52:06,180 --> 00:52:00,970
a bottle of wine to give us the prize

1288
00:52:08,930 --> 00:52:06,190
you drank it anyway people I didn't know

1289
00:52:11,610 --> 00:52:08,940
that was something else's wine I drink

1290
00:52:12,840 --> 00:52:11,620
actually I said before I know I have

1291
00:52:14,280 --> 00:52:12,850
actually been on stage with a glass in

1292
00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:14,290
my hand before and the last time I

1293
00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:16,330
started but halfway to a double facepalm

1294
00:52:31,039 --> 00:52:17,650
with a beer in my hand before I realized

1295
00:52:35,640 --> 00:52:33,839
virtual skeptics is a weekly web show in

1296
00:52:37,950 --> 00:52:35,650
which we discuss the latest news in

1297
00:52:39,470 --> 00:52:37,960
skepticism whether it's a new case of

1298
00:52:41,549 --> 00:52:39,480
spontaneous human combustion a

1299
00:52:43,890 --> 00:52:41,559
conspiracy theory the latest update on

1300
00:52:45,539 --> 00:52:43,900
the upcoming robot apocalypse tech news

1301
00:52:48,029 --> 00:52:45,549
for skeptics are the latest wacky

1302
00:52:50,130 --> 00:52:48,039
religious claim we cover it all we

1303
00:52:52,589 --> 00:52:50,140
record the show live as a Google Plus on

1304
00:52:54,960 --> 00:52:52,599
air hangout so join us and our host

1305
00:52:57,180 --> 00:52:54,970
Brian Gregory for an hour of mostly

1306
00:52:59,910 --> 00:52:57,190
intelligent talk every Wednesday at 8

1307
00:53:02,730 --> 00:52:59,920
p.m. Eastern u.s. time watch us at

1308
00:53:05,579 --> 00:53:02,740
virtual skeptics comm and participate in

1309
00:53:07,680 --> 00:53:05,589
the show on our hashtag virtual skeptics

1310
00:53:09,390 --> 00:53:07,690
the virtual skeptics

1311
00:53:21,750 --> 00:53:09,400
it's like Meet the Press but with

1312
00:53:27,040 --> 00:53:24,190
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1313
00:53:28,900 --> 00:53:27,050
zone now my friends not long to go now

1314
00:53:31,870 --> 00:53:28,910
before the Australian skeptics National

1315
00:53:34,900 --> 00:53:31,880
Convention in Canberra there are tickets

1316
00:53:39,100 --> 00:53:34,910
still left not many I think they're down

1317
00:53:41,740 --> 00:53:39,110
to the last few I wonderful yeah they

1318
00:53:43,420 --> 00:53:41,750
might even contemplate releasing some

1319
00:53:45,370 --> 00:53:43,430
more seats I'm not sure if they are

1320
00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:45,380
going to do that they might have to

1321
00:53:49,540 --> 00:53:46,970
because I know the demand for tickets

1322
00:53:51,640 --> 00:53:49,550
has been quite good although you can

1323
00:53:53,260 --> 00:53:51,650
still get some tickets and I hope you do

1324
00:53:54,940 --> 00:53:53,270
I hope you do the Australian skeptics

1325
00:53:58,990 --> 00:53:54,950
National Convention is always a lot of

1326
00:54:01,270 --> 00:53:59,000
fun national skeptics convention org is

1327
00:54:02,410 --> 00:54:01,280
the website you need to run to and one

1328
00:54:04,300 --> 00:54:02,420
of the wonderful things about the

1329
00:54:07,600 --> 00:54:04,310
convention this year is all the fringe

1330
00:54:10,090 --> 00:54:07,610
events revolving around the convention

1331
00:54:12,640 --> 00:54:10,100
which are absolutely free there's a

1332
00:54:15,550 --> 00:54:12,650
science night on Friday night of the

1333
00:54:17,770 --> 00:54:15,560
convention at the CSIRO Discovery Center

1334
00:54:20,170 --> 00:54:17,780
with yours truly dr. Ratey Christopher

1335
00:54:22,180 --> 00:54:20,180
French and other people explaining

1336
00:54:24,250 --> 00:54:22,190
chatting about being there for science

1337
00:54:26,500 --> 00:54:24,260
absolutely free and other events run to

1338
00:54:27,400 --> 00:54:26,510
their website and find out more what a

1339
00:54:30,100 --> 00:54:27,410
great idea

1340
00:54:32,370 --> 00:54:30,110
and I must thank the Minnesota skeptics

1341
00:54:35,710 --> 00:54:32,380
very much Thank You Minnesota skeptics

1342
00:54:38,290 --> 00:54:35,720
oof-dah I think they say there something

1343
00:54:40,930 --> 00:54:38,300
like that it's Norwegian never mind

1344
00:54:42,700 --> 00:54:40,940
they sent me their t-shirt skeptical

1345
00:54:44,350 --> 00:54:42,710
loon is skeptical it says and I wore

1346
00:54:47,140 --> 00:54:44,360
that proudly round Sydney and I'll

1347
00:54:49,840 --> 00:54:47,150
continue to do so Minnesota skeptics I

1348
00:54:52,450 --> 00:54:49,850
thank you very much and I'll put a link

1349
00:54:53,920 --> 00:54:52,460
to your um your website on the show

1350
00:54:55,870 --> 00:54:53,930
notes for this week or you could just

1351
00:54:58,960 --> 00:54:55,880
google Minnesota skeptics you'll find

1352
00:55:01,450 --> 00:54:58,970
them and before I go before I go thank

1353
00:55:03,490 --> 00:55:01,460
you to all those people who do subscribe

1354
00:55:06,010 --> 00:55:03,500
to the skeptic zone you don't have to

1355
00:55:09,160 --> 00:55:06,020
you can enjoy it for free and I'm and

1356
00:55:13,270 --> 00:55:09,170
I'm so pleased you do but if you want to

1357
00:55:15,130 --> 00:55:13,280
chip in and well quite frankly if people

1358
00:55:16,450 --> 00:55:15,140
didn't chip in there would be no skeptic

1359
00:55:19,170 --> 00:55:16,460
zone I couldn't afford to do this

1360
00:55:22,960 --> 00:55:19,180
without without the financial support of

1361
00:55:25,720 --> 00:55:22,970
people just like you chip in less than a

1362
00:55:28,990 --> 00:55:25,730
dollar a week its money you'll never

1363
00:55:30,910 --> 00:55:29,000
miss but collectively it means a lot to

1364
00:55:32,339 --> 00:55:30,920
the sceptic zone it keeps the skeptic

1365
00:55:34,469 --> 00:55:32,349
zone going

1366
00:55:36,329 --> 00:55:34,479
how about this how about this why not do

1367
00:55:39,809 --> 00:55:36,339
it for a month if you've never chipped

1368
00:55:43,049 --> 00:55:39,819
into the sceptic zone why not kick for

1369
00:55:45,359 --> 00:55:43,059
dollars my way simply by subscribing for

1370
00:55:46,739 --> 00:55:45,369
a month at the end of the month thank

1371
00:55:48,839 --> 00:55:46,749
you very much I appreciate that very

1372
00:55:51,509 --> 00:55:48,849
much and you don't have to do it anymore

1373
00:55:54,859 --> 00:55:51,519
or you can continue if you wish it

1374
00:55:57,809 --> 00:55:54,869
really does help our visit WWF dicks on

1375
00:56:00,509 --> 00:55:57,819
TV and again a big thank you to those

1376
00:56:03,420 --> 00:56:00,519
people who do regularly chip in a dollar

1377
00:56:05,099 --> 00:56:03,430
or sometimes even more a week over the

1378
00:56:07,249 --> 00:56:05,109
years we've managed to do things like

1379
00:56:09,239 --> 00:56:07,259
buy equipment for the sceptic zone

1380
00:56:11,400 --> 00:56:09,249
microphones for dr. ray chief for

1381
00:56:14,099 --> 00:56:11,410
example and an hour announcer Jim

1382
00:56:15,359 --> 00:56:14,109
Walsh's got a microphone other bits and

1383
00:56:19,640 --> 00:56:15,369
pieces it's all been really great

1384
00:56:22,319 --> 00:56:19,650
including my friends a couple years ago

1385
00:56:24,599 --> 00:56:22,329
due to the generosity of skeptics own

1386
00:56:27,299 --> 00:56:24,609
listeners we were able to get Maynard a

1387
00:56:30,479 --> 00:56:27,309
ticket to Las Vegas where he reported on

1388
00:56:33,299 --> 00:56:30,489
Tam and those reports lasted for months

1389
00:56:35,069 --> 00:56:33,309
that was fantastic stuff look forward to

1390
00:56:36,539 --> 00:56:35,079
more reports from Maynard from the

1391
00:56:39,509 --> 00:56:36,549
Australian skeptics National Convention

1392
00:56:42,029 --> 00:56:39,519
so your contribution actually really

1393
00:56:43,289 --> 00:56:42,039
does go a long way coming up on next

1394
00:56:45,749 --> 00:56:43,299
week's show we're going to be speaking

1395
00:56:48,420 --> 00:56:45,759
to a Norwegian author about his book on

1396
00:56:51,079 --> 00:56:48,430
the placebo effect and until then until

1397
00:56:55,620 --> 00:56:51,089
next week this is Richard Saunders and

1398
00:57:00,359 --> 00:56:55,630
come here come on come on and Fred the

1399
00:57:08,700 --> 00:57:00,369
cat yes come on Fred hello Fred signing

1400
00:57:11,130 --> 00:57:08,710
off from Sydney Australia you've been

1401
00:57:13,910 --> 00:57:11,140
listening to the skeptic zone